Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI) CMMI is the successor to CMM and combines a number of maturity models into one integrated capability maturity model. Developed by the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University, CMMI can be used to guide process improvement across a project, a division, or an entire organisation. At maturity level 1, processes are usually ad hoc and chaotic. The organization usually does. Are you stuck in a project management process crunch and try to find out how to get out from there? At the same time, are you trying to identify why your software quality stagnates or even degrades? CMMI® has started to play a key role in software development organizations worldwide. In order to compete with increasing software quality demands, many organizations claim or aim to move from their current CMM.
The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) defines a Process Area as, 'A cluster of related practices in an area that, when implemented collectively, satisfies a set of goals considered important for making improvement in that area.' Both CMMI for Development v1.3 and CMMI for Acquisition v1.3 identify 22 process areas, whereas CMMI for Services v1.3 identifies 24 process areas. Many of the process areas are the same in these three models.
Process Area Organization[edit]
In CMMI models, the process areas are organized in alphabetical order according to their acronym. However, process areas can be grouped according to maturity levels or process area categories.
Maturity Levels: CMMI for Development[edit]
There are Five maturity levels. However, maturity level ratings are awarded for levels 2 through 5. The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Development model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
- CM - Configuration Management
- MA - Measurement and Analysis
- PMC - Project Monitoring and Control
- PP - Project Planning
- PPQA - Process and Product Quality Assurance
- REQM - Requirements Management
- SAM - Supplier Agreement Management
Maturity Level 3 - Defined
- DAR - Decision Analysis and Resolution
- IPM - Integrated Project Management
- OPD - Organizational Process Definition
- OPF - Organizational Process Focus
- OT - Organizational Training
- PI - Product Integration
- RD - Requirements Development
- RSKM - Risk Management
- TS - Technical Solution
- VAL - Validation
- VER - Verification
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
- OPP - Organizational Process Performance
- QPM - Quantitative Project Management
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
- CAR - Causal Analysis and Resolution
- OPM - Organizational Performance Management
Maturity Levels: CMMI for Services[edit]
The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Services model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
- CM - Configuration Management
- MA - Measurement and Analysis
- PPQA - Process and Product Quality Assurance
- REQM - Requirements Management
- SAM - Supplier Agreement Management
- SD - Service Delivery
- WMC - Work Monitoring and Control
- WP - Work Planning
Maturity Level 3 - Defined (this includes the process areas that make up the previous levels; Maturity Level 3 is made up of the process areas in Level 2 and Level 3)
- CAM - Capacity and Availability Management
- DAR - Decision Analysis and Resolution
- IRP - Incident Resolution and Prevention
- IWM - Integrated Work Management
- OPD - Organizational Process Definition
- OPF - Organizational Process Focus
- OT - Organizational Training
- RSKM - Risk Management
- SCON - Service Continuity
- SSD - Service System Development
- SST - Service System Transition
- STSM - Strategic Service Management
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
- OPP - Organizational Process Performance
- QPM - Quantitative Work Management
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
- CAR - Causal Analysis and Resolution
- OPM - Organizational Performance Management
Maturity Levels: CMMI for Acquisition[edit]
The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for Acquisition model:
Maturity Level 2 - Managed
- AM - Agreement Management
- ARD - Acquisition Requirements Development
- CM - Configuration Management
- MA - Measurement and Analysis
- PMC - Project Monitoring and Control
- PP - Project Planning
- PPQA - Process and Product Quality Assurance
- REQM - Requirements Management
- SSAD - Solicitation and Supplier Agreement Development
Maturity Level 3 - Defined
- ATM - Acquisition Technical Management
- AVAL - Acquisition Validation
- AVER - Acquisition Verification
- DAR - Decision Analysis and Resolution
- IPM - Integrated Project Management
- OPD - Organizational Process Definition
- OPF - Organizational Process Focus
- OT - Organizational Training
- RSKM - Risk Management.
Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed
- OPP - Organizational Process Performance
- QPM - Quantitative Project Management
Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing
- CAR - Casual Analysis and Resolution
- OPM - Organizational Performance Management
Goals and Practices[edit]
There are two categories of goals and practices: generic and specific. Specific goals and practices are specific to a process area. Generic goals and practices are a part of every process area. A process area is satisfied when organizational processes cover all of the generic and specific goals and practices for that process area.
Generic Goals and Practices[edit]
Generic goals and practices are a part of every process area.
- GG 1 Achieve Specific Goals
- GP 1.1 Perform Specific Practices
- GG 2 Institutionalize a Managed Process
- GP 2.1 Establish an Organizational Policy
- GP 2.2 Plan the Process
- GP 2.3 Provide Resources
- GP 2.4 Assign Responsibility
- GP 2.5 Train People
- GP 2.6 Control Work Products
- GP 2.7 Identify and Involve Relevant Stakeholders
- GP 2.8 Monitor and Control the Process
- GP 2.9 Objectively Evaluate Adherence
- GP 2.10 Review Status with Higher Level Management
- GG 3 Institutionalize a Defined Process
- GP 3.1 Establish a Defined Process
- GP 3.2 Collect Process Related Experiences
Specific Goals and Practices[edit]
Each process area is defined by a set of goals and practices. These goals and practices appear only in that process area.
Process Areas[edit]
CMMI for Development, Version 1.2 contains 22 process areas indicating the aspects of product and service development that are to be covered by organizational processes. For a summary of process areas for each model, see these quick reference documents available on the SEI website:
- CMMI for Acquisition [1]
- CMMI for Development [2]
- CMMI for Services [3]
Agreement Management (AM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Agreement Management (AM) is to ensure that the supplier and the acquirer perform according to the terms of the supplier agreement.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Satisfy Supplier Agreements
- SP 1.1 Execute the Supplier Agreement
- SP 1.2 Monitor Selected Supplier Processes
- SP 1.3 Accept the Acquired Product
- SP 1.4 Manage Supplier Invoices
Capacity and Availability Management (CAM)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Capacity and Availability Management (CAM) is to ensure effective service system performance andensure that resources are provided and used effectively to support service requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Capacity and Availability Management
- SP 1.1 Establish a Capacity and Availability Management Strategy
- SP 1.2 Select Measures and Analytic Techniques
- SP 1.3 Establish Service System Representations
- SG 2 Monitor and Analyze Capacity and Availability
- SP 2.1 Monitor and Analyze Capacity
- SP 2.2 Monitor and Analyze Availability
- SP 2.3 Report Capacity and Availability Management Data
Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 5
Purpose
The purpose of Causal Analysis and Resolution (CAR) is to identify causes of selected outcomes and take action to improve process performance.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Determine Causes of Selected Outcomes
- SP 1.1 Select Outcomes for Analysis
- SP 1.2 Analyze Causes
- SG 2 Address Causes of Selected Outcomes
- SP 2.1 Implement Action Proposals
- SP 2.2 Evaluate the Effect of Implemented Actions
- SP 2.3 Record Causal Analysis Data
Configuration Management (CM)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Configuration Management (CM) is to establish and maintain the integrity of work products using configuration identification, configuration control, configuration status accounting, and configuration audits.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Establish Baselines
- SP 1.1 Identify Configuration Items
- SP 1.2 Establish a Configuration Management System
- SP 1.3 Create or Release Baselines
- SG 2 Track and Control Changes
- SP 2.1 Track Change Requests
- SP 2.2 Control Configuration Items
- SG 3 Establish Integrity
- SP 3.1 Establish Configuration Management Records
- SP 3.2 Perform Configuration Audits
Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Decision Analysis and Resolution (DAR) is to analyze possible decisions using a formal evaluation process that evaluates identified alternatives against established criteria.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Evaluate Alternatives
- SP 1.1 Establish Guidelines for Decision Analysis
- SP 1.2 Establish Evaluation Criteria
- SP 1.3 Identify Alternative Solutions
- SP 1.4 Select Evaluation Methods
- SP 1.5 Evaluate Alternative Solutions
- SP 1.6 Select Solutions
Integrated Project Management (IPM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Integrated Project Management (IPM) is to establish and manage the project and the involvement of relevant stakeholders according to an integrated and defined process that is tailored from the organization's set of standard processes.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Use the Project's Defined Process
- SP 1.1 Establish the Project's Defined Process
- SP 1.2 Use Organizational Process Assets for Planning Project Activities
- SP 1.3 Establish the Project's Work Environment
- SP 1.4 Integrate Plans
- SP 1.5 Manage the Project Using the Integrated Plans
- SP 1.6 Establish Teams
- SP 1.7 Contribute to Organizational Process Assets
- SG 2 Coordinate and Collaborate with Relevant Stakeholders
- SP 2.1 Manage Stakeholder Involvement
- SP 2.2 Manage Dependencies
- SP 2.3 Resolve Coordination Issues
Measurement and Analysis (MA)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Measurement and Analysis (MA) is to develop and sustain a measurement capability used to support management information needs.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Align Measurement and Analysis Activities
- SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives
- Resources,People,Facilities and Techniques.
- SP 1.2 Specify Measures
- Information Needs Document,Guidance,Reference and Reporting.
- SP 1.3 Specify Data Collection and Storage Procedures
- Sources,Methods,Frequency and Owners.
- SP 1.4 Specify Analysis Procedures
- Rules,Alarms,SPC and Variance.
- SP 1.1 Establish Measurement Objectives
- SG 2 Provide Measurement Results
- SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data
- Actual,Plan,Automatic and Manual.
- SP 2.2 Analyze Measurement Data
- Evaluate,Drill Down,RCA.
- SP 2.3 Store Data and Results
- Store,Secure,Accessible,History and Evidence.
- SP 2.4 Communicate Results
- Information Sharing,Dash Boards,Up to Date,Simple and Interpret.
- SP 2.1 Obtain Measurement Data
Organizational Process Definition (OPD)[edit]
- A Process Management process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Definition (OPD) is to establish and maintain a usable set of organizational process assets, work environment standards, and rules and guidelines for teams.
Specific Practices by Goal
Cmmi Pmo Maturity Model
- SG 1 Establish Organizational Process Assets
- SP 1.1 Establish Standard Processes
- SP 1.2 Establish Lifecycle Model Descriptions
- SP 1.3 Establish Tailoring Criteria and Guidelines
- SP 1.4 Establish the Organization's Measurement Repository
- SP 1.5 Establish the Organization's Process Asset Library
- SP 1.6 Establish Work Environment Standards
- SP 1.7 Establish Rules and Guidelines for Teams
Organizational Process Focus (OPF)[edit]
- A Process Management process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Focus (OPF) is to plan, implement, and deploy organizational process improvements based on a thorough understanding of current strengths and weaknesses of the organization's processes and process assets.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Determine Process Improvement Opportunities
- SP 1.1 Establish Organizational Process Needs
- SP 1.2 Appraise the Organization's Processes
- SP 1.3 Identify the Organization's Process Improvements
- SG 2 Plan and Implement Process Improvements
- SP 2.1 Establish Process Action Plans
- SP 2.2 Implement Process Action Plans
- SG 3 Deploy Organizational Process Assets and Incorporate Experiences
- SP 3.1 Deploy Organizational Process Assets
- SP 3.2 Deploy Standard Processes
- SP 3.3 Monitor the Implementation
- SP 3.4 Incorporate Experiences into Organizational Process Assets
Organizational Performance Management (OPM) / Organizational Innovation and Deployment[edit]
- A Process Management process area at Maturity Level 5
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Performance Management (OPM) is to proactively manage the organization's performance to meet its business objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Manage Business Performance
- SP 1.1 Maintain Business Objectives
- SP 1.2 Analyze Process Performance Data
- SP 1.3 Identify Potential Areas for Improvement
- SG 2 Select Improvements
- SP 2.1 Elicit Suggested Improvements
- SP 2.2 Analyze Suggested Improvements
- SP 2.3 Validate Improvements
- SP 2.4 Select and Implement Improvements for Deployment
- SG 3 Deploy Improvements
- SP 3.1 Plan the Deployment
- SP 3.2 Manage the Deployment
- SP 3.3 Evaluate Improvement Effects
Organizational Process Performance (OPP)[edit]
- A Process Management process area at Maturity Level 4
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Process Performance (OPP) is to establish and maintain a quantitative understanding of the performance of selected processes in the organization's set of standard processes in support of achieving quality and process performance objectives, and to provide process performance data, baselines, and models to quantitatively manage the organization's projects.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Establish Performance Baselines and Models
- SP 1.1 Establish Quality and Process Performance Objectives
- SP 1.2 Select Processes
- SP 1.3 Establish Process Performance Measures
- SP 1.4 Analyze Process Performance and Establish Process Performance Baselines
- SP 1.5 Establish Process Performance Models
Organizational Training (OT)[edit]
- A Process Management process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Organizational Training (OT) is to develop skills and knowledge of people so they can perform their roles effectively and efficiently.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Establish an Organizational Training Capability
- SP 1.1 Establish Strategic Training Needs
- SP 1.2 Determine Which Training Needs Are the Responsibility of the Organization
- SP 1.3 Establish an Organizational Training Tactical Plan
- SP 1.4 Establish a Training Capability
- SG 2 Provide Training
- SP 2.1 Deliver Training
- SP 2.2 Establish Training Records
- SP 2.3 Assess Training Effectiveness
Product Integration (PI)[edit]
- An Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Product Integration (PI) is to assemble the product from the product components, ensure that the product, as integrated, behaves properly (i.e., possesses the required functionality and quality attributes), and deliver the product.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Product Integration
- SP 1.1 Establish an Integration Strategy
- SP 1.2 Establish the Product Integration Environment
- SP 1.3 Establish Product Integration Procedures and Criteria
- SG 2 Ensure Interface Compatibility
- SP 2.1 Review Interface Descriptions for Completeness
- SP 2.2 Manage Interfaces
- SG 3 Assemble Product Components and Deliver the Product
- SP 3.1 Confirm Readiness of Product Components for Integration
- SP 3.2 Assemble Product Components
- SP 3.3 Evaluate Assembled Product Components
- SP 3.4 Package and Deliver the Product or Product Component
Project Monitoring and Control (PMC)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Project Monitoring and Control (PMC) is to provide an understanding of the project's progress so that appropriate corrective actions can be taken when the project's performance deviates significantly from the plan.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Monitor the Project Against the Plan
- SP 1.1 Monitor Project Planning Parameters
- SP 1.2 Monitor Commitments
- SP 1.3 Monitor Project Risks
- SP 1.4 Monitor Data Management
- SP 1.5 Monitor Stakeholder Involvement
- SP 1.6 Conduct Progress Reviews
- SP 1.7 Conduct Milestone Reviews
- SG 2 Manage Corrective Action to Closure
- SP 2.1 Analyze Issues
- SP 2.2 Take Corrective Action
- SP 2.3 Manage Corrective Actions
Project Planning (PP)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Project Planning (PP) is to establish and maintain plans that define project activities.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Establish Estimates
- SP 1.1 Estimate the Scope of the Project
- SP 1.2 Establish Estimates of Work Product and Task Attributes
- SP 1.3 Define Project Lifecycle Phases
- SP 1.4 Estimate Effort and Cost
- SG 2 Develop a Project Plan
- SP 2.1 Establish the Budget and Schedule
- SP 2.2 Identify Project Risks
- SP 2.3 Plan Data Management
- SP 2.4 Plan the Project's Resources
- SP 2.5 Plan Needed Knowledge and Skills
- SP 2.6 Plan Stakeholder Involvement
- SP 2.7 Establish the Project Plan
- SG 3 Obtain Commitment to the Plan
- SP 3.1 Review Plans that Affect the Project
- SP 3.2 Reconcile Work and Resource Levels
- SP 3.3 Obtain Plan Commitment
Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA)[edit]
- A Support process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Process and Product Quality Assurance (PPQA) is to provide staff and management with objective insight into processes and associated work products.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Objectively Evaluate Processes and Work Products
- SP 1.1 Objectively Evaluate Processes
- SP 1.2 Objectively Evaluate Work Products
- SG 2 Provide Objective Insight
- SP 2.1 Communicate and Resolve Noncompliance Issues
- SP 2.2 Establish Records.
Quantitative Project Management (QPM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 4
Purpose
The purpose of the Quantitative Project Management (QPM) process area is to quantitatively manage the project to achieve the project's established quality and process performance objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Quantitative Management
- SP 1.1 Establish the Project's Objectives
- SP 1.2 Compose the Defined Processes
- SP 1.3 Select Subprocesses and Attributes
- SP 1.4 Select Measures and Analytic Techniques
- SG 2 Quantitatively Manage the Project
- SP 2.1 Monitor the Performance of Selected Subprocesses
- SP 2.2 Manage Project Performance
- SP 2.3 Perform Root Cause Analysis
Requirements Development (RD)[edit]
- An Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3.
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Development (RD) is to elicit, analyze, and establish customer, product, and product component requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Develop Customer Requirements
- SP 1.1 Elicit Needs
- SP 1.2 Transform Stakeholder Needs into Customer Requirements
- SG 2 Develop Product Requirements
- SP 2.1 Establish Product and Product Component Requirements
- SP 2.2 Allocate Product Component Requirements
- SP 2.3 Identify Interface Requirements
- SG 3 Analyze and Validate Requirements
- SP 3.1 Establish Operational Concepts and Scenarios
- SP 3.2 Establish a Definition of Required Functionality and Quality Attributes
- SP 3.3 Analyze Requirements
- SP 3.4 Analyze Requirements to Achieve Balance
- SP 3.5 Validate Requirements
Requirements Management (REQM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Requirements Management (REQM) is to manage requirements of the project's products and product components and to ensure alignment between those requirements and the project's plans and work products.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Manage Requirements
- SP 1.1 Understand Requirements
- SP 1.2 Obtain Commitment to Requirements
- SP 1.3 Manage Requirements Changes
- SP 1.4 Maintain Bidirectional Traceability of Requirements
- SP 1.5 Ensure Alignment Between Project Work and Requirements
Risk Management (RSKM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Risk Management (RSKM) is to identify potential problems before they occur so that risk handling activities can be planned and invoked as needed across the life of the product or project to mitigate adverse impacts on achieving objectives.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Risk Management
- SP 1.1 Determine Risk Sources and Categories
- SP 1.2 Define Risk Parameters
- SP 1.3 Establish a Risk Management Strategy
- SG 2 Identify and Analyze Risks
- SP 2.1 Identify Risks
- SP 2.2 Evaluate, Categorize, and Prioritize Risks
- SG 3 Mitigate Risks
- SP 3.1 Develop Risk Mitigation Plans
- SP 3.2 Implement Risk Mitigation Plans
Supplier Agreement Management (SAM)[edit]
- A Project Management process area at Maturity Level 2
Purpose
The purpose of Supplier Agreement Management (SAM) is to manage the acquisition of products from suppliers.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Establish Supplier Agreements
- SP 1.1 Determine Acquisition Type
- SP 1.2 Select Suppliers
- SP 1.3 Establish Supplier Agreements
- SG 2 Satisfy Supplier Agreements
- SP 2.1 Execute the Supplier Agreement
- SP 2.2 Accept the Acquired Product
- SP 2.3 Ensure Transition of Products
Technical Solution (TS)[edit]
- An Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3
Cmmi Maturity Model Pmo 2019
Purpose
The purpose of Technical Solution (TS) is to select design and implement solutions to requirements. Solutions, designs, and implementations encompass products, product components, and product related lifecycle processes either singly or in combination as appropriate.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Select Product Component Solutions
- SP 1.1 Develop Alternative Solutions and Selection Criteria
- SP 1.2 Select Product Component Solutions
- SG 2 Develop the Design
- SP 2.1 Design the Product or Product Component
- SP 2.2 Establish a Technical Data Package
- SP 2.3 Design Interfaces Using Criteria
- SP 2.4 Perform Make, Buy or Reuse Analyses
- SG 3 Implement the Product Design
- SP 3.1 Implement the Design
- SP 3.2 Develop Product Support Documentation
Validation (VAL)[edit]
- An Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Validation (VAL) is to demonstrate that a product or product component fulfills its intended use when placed in its intended environment.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Validation
- SP 1.1 Select Products for Validation
- SP 1.2 Establish the Validation Environment
- SP 1.3 Establish Validation Procedures and Criteria
- SG 2 Validate Product or Product Components
- SP 2.1 Perform Validation
- SP 2.2 Analyze Validation Results
Verification (VER)[edit]
- An Engineering process area at Maturity Level 3
Purpose
The purpose of Verification (VER) is to ensure that selected work products meet their specified requirements.
Specific Practices by Goal
- SG 1 Prepare for Verification
- SP 1.1 Select Work Products for Verification
- SP 1.2 Establish the Verification Environment
- SP 1.3 Establish Verification Procedures and Criteria
- SG 2 Perform Peer Reviews
- SP 2.1 Prepare for Peer Reviews
- SP 2.2 Conduct Peer Reviews
- SP 2.3 Analyze Peer Review Data
- SG 3 Verify Selected Work Products
- SP 3.1 Perform Verification
- SP 3.2 Analyze Verification Results
Changes made in Version 1.2[edit]
Only changes made to the set of Process Areas are considered here. For more information about the changes made to Version 1.2, see the Version 1.2 Release Notes or for the definitive list of changes, take the CMMI Version 1.2 Upgrade Training.
- The following Process Areas have been removed (all on Maturity Level 3):
- Organisational Environment for Integration (OEI)
- Integrated Teaming (IT)
- Integrated Supplier Management (ISM)
- The following additions have been made within existing Process Areas:
- IPM – SG3 and SG4 were eliminated, new SG3 was added (as an IPPD addition)
- OPD – SG2 was added (as an IPPD addition)
- OPF – two SPs were extracted from the old SG3 and combined with two new SPs to create the new SG3
- REQD – SP3.5 was renamed Validate Requirements
- SAM – SP2.1 was eliminated, two new SPs added in SG2
- TS – SP1.2 was incorporated into RD SP 3.1
- VER – SP3.2 was renamed Analyze Verification Results
Changes made in Version 1.3[edit]
Some significant improvements in CMMI-DEV, V1.3 include the following:
- High maturity process areas are significantly improved to reflect industry best practices,[1] including a new specific goal and several new specific practices in the process area that was renamed from Organizational Innovation and Deployment (OID) to Organizational Performance Management (OPM).
- Agile practices[2] have been included with an interpretation guideline and by adding notes to the applicable process areas in the introduction of the process area and on how to interpret agile practices.
- Improvements were made to the model architecture that simplify the use of multiple models.
- Informative material was improved, including revising the engineering practices to reflect industry best practice and adding guidance for organizations that use Agile methods.
- Glossary definitions and model terminology were improved to enhance the clarity, accuracy, and usability of the model.
- Level 4 and 5 generic goals and practices were eliminated as well as capability levels 4 and 5 to appropriately focus high maturity on the achievement of business objectives, which is accomplished by applying capability level 1-3 to the high maturity process areas (Causal Analysis and Resolution, Quantitative Project Management, Organizational Performance Management, and Organizational Process Performance).
For a more complete and detailed list of improvements, see http://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/tools/cmmiv1-3/comparison.cfm. An overview of the changes is described in http://www.benlinders.com/2011/cmmi-v1-3-summing-up/.
Process Areas, Categories, and Maturity Levels[edit]
Table: Process Areas, Categories, and Maturity Levels[3]
Process Area | Abbreviation | Category | Maturity Level |
---|---|---|---|
Causal Analysis and Resolution | CAR | Support | 5 |
Configuration Management | CM | Support | 2 |
Decision Analysis and Resolution | DAR | Support | 3 |
Integrated Project Management | IPM | Project Management | 3 |
Measurement and Analysis | MA | Support | 2 |
Organizational Process Definition | OPD | Process Management | 3 |
Organizational Process Focus | OPF | Process Management | 3 |
Organizational Performance Management | OPM | Process Management | 5 |
Organizational Process Performance | OPP | Process Management | 4 |
Organizational Training | OT | Process Management | 3 |
Product Integration | PI | Engineering | 3 |
Project Monitoring and Control | PMC | Project Management | 2 |
Project Planning | PP | Project Management | 2 |
Process and Product Quality Assurance | PPQA | Support | 2 |
Quantitative Project Management | QPM | Project Management | 4 |
Requirements Development | RD | Engineering | 3 |
Requirements Management | REQM | Project Management | 2 |
Risk Management | RSKM | Project Management | 3 |
Supplier Agreement Management | SAM | Project Management | 2 |
Technical Solution | TS | Engineering | 3 |
Validation | VAL | Engineering | 3 |
Verification | VER | Engineering | 3 |
References[edit]
- ^CMMI V1.3, High Maturity Practices Clarified
- ^CMMI V1.3: Agile
- ^CMMI Product Team (2010). 'CMMI for Development, Version 1.3'(PDF). Technical Report CMU/SEI-2010-TR-033. Software Engineering Institute: 33. Retrieved 2012-10-25.Cite journal requires
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Official sources[edit]
Further reading[edit]
- CMMI Product Team (November 2010). 'CMMI for Development, Version 1.3'(PDF). Technical Report CMU/SEI-2010-TR-033. Software Engineering Institute. Retrieved Feb 16, 2011.Cite journal requires
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- Chrissis, Mary Beth; Mike Konrad; Sandy Shrum (Feb 16, 2011). CMMI: Guidelines for Process Integration and Product Improvement (Third Edition). Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN0-321-71150-5.
The Capability Maturity Model Integration, or CMMI, is a model that helps organizations effectuate process improvement and develop behaviors that decrease risks in service, product, and software development. While CMMI was originally tailored towards software, the latest version is much less specific and can be applied to hardware, software, and service development across all industries. The model enables organizations to measure, build, and improve capabilities and, as a result, to improve overall performance.
A primary goal of CMMI is the creation of “reliable environments where products, services and departments are proactive, efficient and productive.” More specifically, CMMI’s objectives for businesses include enabling the organization to produce quality services or products; increase customer satisfaction; increase value for stockholders; achieve industry-wide recognition for excellence; and build a larger market share. According to the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute, which was integral in its development, CMMI is intended to help “integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes.”
The History of CMMI
CMMI was developed by Carnegie Mellon University as part of the CMMI project. Its goal was to make maturity models – which measure the ability of organizations to have ongoing improvement in a particular area – more effective and usable by integrating a number of models into one framework.
The project, whose main sponsors were the Office of the Secretary of Defense and the National Defense Industrial Association, included members of industry, government, and the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Models were initially created for the Department of Defense to assess the expertise and quality of software contractors.
The first version of the CMMI was released in 2002 and built upon the Capability Maturity Model (CMM), which was developed from 1987 to 1997. In 2002, version 1.1 was released, in 2006 version 1.2 was released, and in 2010 version 1.3 was released. Version 2.0 launched in 2018 with some notable changes that make the model more accessible and effective for businesses in any industry.
Understanding How CMMI is Applied by Businesses
The CMMI is administered by the CMMI Institute, which was bought by ISACA in 2016. ISACA, now known only by the acronym, previously was known as the Information Systems Audit and Control Association.
The stated goal of the CMMI Institute is to “enable[] organizations to elevate and benchmark performance across a wide range of critical business capabilities, including product development, service excellence, workforce management, data management, supplier management, and cybersecurity.”
Organizations that want to better understand how their practices compare to CMMI best practices and want to implement CMMI practices often start with an appraisal. Generally, a business decides to be appraised to:
- Evaluate how the organization’s processes compare to CMMI best practices and to determine areas of improvement;
- Share information with customers or suppliers about how the organization compares to CMMI best practices; and/or
- Comply with contractual terms of customers.
Appraisals
The appraisal process primarily evaluates three areas: process and service development; service establishment and management; and product and service acquisition. While going through the appraisal process can be time-consuming and expensive for organizations, doing so provides some distinct benefits. An appraisal:
- Helps organizations with the development of an improvement strategy that prioritizes key issues;
- Helps to mitigate risks;
- Showcases the soundness of organizational processes by having results available in the Published Appraisal Results site; and
- Provides the organization with a CMMI maturity level.
Any appraisals using the CMMI model must comply with the requirements in the Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) document. The official appraisal method used by the CMMI Institute is known as the Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI). Within this approved method, there are three classes of appraisal methods:
- SCAMPI Class A is the most formal and rigorous type of appraisal and the only type that results in a level rating. Organizations that conduct this type of appraisal usually have already implemented a number of changes and need to benchmark their progress formally. This type of appraisal must be conducted by a certified lead appraiser who works with an on-site appraisal team.
- SCAMPI Class B appraisals are primarily used by organizations that have implemented some changes and want to gauge their progress towards targeted CMMI levels. It’s less formal and less expensive than a Class A Appraisal, but still provides businesses with an opportunity to evaluate progress towards goals.
- SCAMPI Class C appraisals are less expensive, quicker, and more flexible than either Class A or Class B appraisals. The goal of this type of appraisal is to quickly assess a business’s practices and determine how they align with CMMI best practices. Class C appraisals can be used by organizations at a high-level, to analyze organizational issues, or at micro-level, to address more specific or departmental issues.
CMMI Maturity Levels
When a Class A appraisal is done, an organization is awarded either a maturity level rating or a capability level rating. Maturity level ratings range from 1 to 5, with level 5 being the highest level and the goal towards which organizations are working.
The five CMMI maturity levels are:
- Initial: processes are seen as unpredictable, poorly controlled, and reactive. Businesses in this stage have an unpredictable environment that leads to increased risks and inefficiency.
- Managed: processes are characterized by projects and are frequently reactive.
- Defined: processes are well-characterized and well-understood. The organization is more proactive than reactive, and there are organization-wide standards that provide guidance.
- Quantitatively Managed: processes are measured and controlled. The organization is using quantitative data to implement predictable processes that meet organizational goals.
- Optimizing: processes are stable and flexible. The organizational focus is on continued improvement and responding to changes.
It’s worth noting that while the goal of organizations is to reach level 5, the model is still applicable and beneficial for organizations that have achieved this maturity level. Organizations at this level are primarily focused on maintenance and improvements, and they also have the flexibility to focus on innovation and to respond to industry changes.
CMMI V2.0
Over time, CMMI has changed primarily in an effort to make models easier for businesses to understand and implement. Additionally, the changes aim to make CMMI more cost-effective for businesses to integrate and use. The newest version, CMMI V2.0 was released in 2018. According to the CMMI Institute, this version was created with the goals of:
- Improving business performance;
- Better leveraging current best practices;
- Building an agile resiliency and scale; and
- Making the model easier to adopt.
Further, the CMMI institute asserts that version 2.0 will improve customer satisfaction; lead to increased customer acquisition and retention; lead to increased productivity and efficiency; and reduce the risks associated with CMMI.
Cmmi Maturity Model Pmo Model
CMMI V2.0 has five components that are intended to work together to provide businesses with a clear path to achieve their objectives. The five components are training and certification; an appraisal; a simplified model for performance improvements; adoption guidance; and redesigned systems for online resources and tools.
This model is intended to make it easier than ever for businesses to utilize CMMI to improve their overall performance. To learn more about CMMI and about how your business can benefit from this model, visit the CMMI Institute.